Resources

Flange Chart

Boyd Fasteners

Flanges — Chart + Data Reference

Flanges are standardized according to publications from organizations like ASME, MSS, API, and others. Dimensions are determined by the pipe size and the pressure class required for the application, ranging from ½" to 24" in classes ranging from 150 to 400.

Nominal Pipe Size Range

½" – 24"

Pressure Class Range

150 – 400

Selection Basis

NPS + Class

Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
Number of Studs 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 16 16 20 20
Diameter of Studs 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 3/4 3/4 3/4 5/8 7/8 1 1 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/4
Stud Bolt Length — Ring Flange 2 1/4 2 1/2 2 1/2 2 3/4 2 3/4 3 1/4 3 1/2 3 1/2 3 1/2 3 1/2 3 3/4 4 4 1/4 4 1/2 4 3/4 5 1/4 5 1/4 5 3/4 6 1/4 6 3/4
Stud Bolt Length — Ring Type Joint     3 3 1/4 3 1/4 3 3/4 4 4 4 4 4 1/4 4 1/2 4 3/4 5 5 1/4 5 3/4 5 3/4 6 1/4 6 3/4 7 1/4
Machine Bolt Length — Ring Flange 2 2 2 1/4 2 1/4 2 1/2 2 3/4 3 3 3 3 3 1/4 3 1/4 3 1/2 4 4 4 1/2 4 1/2 5 5 1/2 6
Ring No.     R15 R17 R19 R22 R25 R29 R33 R36 R40 R43 R48 R52 R56 R59 R64 R68 R72 R76

These tables are included to make the chart data searchable and copy-friendly (great for quoting and spec checks).

Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
Number of Studs 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 16 16 20 20 24 24 24
Diameter of Studs 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 3/4 5/8 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 1/2
Stud Bolt Length — Ring Flange 2 1/2 3 3 3 1/4 3 1/2 3 1/2 4 4 4 1/4 4 1/2 4 3/4 5 1/2 6 1/4 6 3/4 7 7 1/2 7 3/4 8 8 3/4 9
Stud Bolt Length — Ring Type Joint 3 3 1/2 3 1/2 3 3/4 4 4 4 1/2 4 3/4 5 5 5 1/4 6 6 3/4 7 1/4 7 1/2 8 8 1/4 8 3/4 9 10
Machine Bolt Length — Ring Flange 2 1/4 2 1/2 2 1/2 2 3/4 3 3 3 1/4 3 1/2 3 3/4 3 3/4 4 1/4 4 1/4 4 3/4 5 1/2 5 3/4 6 1/4 6 1/2 6 3/4 7 1/4 8
Ring No. R11 R13 R16 R18 R20 R23 R26 R31 R34 R37 R41 R45 R49 R53 R57 R61 R65 R69 R73 R77
Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
Number of Studs 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 16 16 20 20 24 24 24
Diameter of Studs 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 3/4 5/8 3/4 3/4 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 3/4 1 3/4
Stud Bolt Length — 1/4 Ring Flange 3 3 1/2 3 1/2 3 3/4 4 1/4 4 1/4 4 3/4 5 5 1/2 5 1/2 5 3/4 6 6 3/4 7 1/2 8 8 1/4 8 3/4 9 9 1/2 10 1/2
Stud Bolt Length — Male & Female 2 3/4 3 1/4 3 1/4 3 1/2 4 4 4 1/2 4 3/4 5 1/4 5 1/4 5 3/4 6 1/2 7 1/4 7 3/4 8 8 1/2 8 3/4 9 1/4 10 1/4 10 3/4
Stud Bolt Length — Ring Type Joint 3 3 1/2 3 1/2 3 3/4 4 1/4 4 1/4 4 3/4 5 5 1/2 5 1/2 5 3/4 6 3/4 7 1/2 8 8 1/4 8 3/4 9 9 3/4 10 1/4 11
Ring No. R11 R13 R16 R18 R20 R23 R26 R31 R34 R37 R41 R45 R49 R53 R57 R61 R65 R69 R73 R77

Class 400 includes separate stud bolt length rows for 1/4 Ring Flange and Male & Female, plus Ring Type Joint.

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All material can be sourced USA melt and manufactured for AIS and BABA projects.

 ASME B16.5

Boyd Fasteners

ASME B16.5 — Bolt & Stud Dimensions

Dimensional reference for pipe flanges and flanged fittings, including common bolt counts, stud diameters, and stud lengths by nominal pipe size and flange class.

Standard

ASME B16.5

Classes Covered

150 • 300 • 600 • 900 • 1500 • 2500

Range

1/2" – 24"

Scope

ASME B16.5 covers dimensions and pressure-temperature ratings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings. The chart below summarizes common bolt and stud dimensional requirements used with standard flange classes.

Pressure classes from 150 to 2500 RF and RTJ stud lengths Nominal sizes 1/2" through 24"

Reference Includes

  • # of Bolts or Studs by nominal pipe size and flange class
  • Stud Diameter/ bolt diameter by class
  • Stud Length for RF and RTJ facing types
  • Dimensions shown in inches

Bolt & Stud Dimensions — Representative ASME B16.5 Reference

Nominal Pipe Size Class # Bolts / Studs Dia. of Bolts / Studs Stud Length (RF) Stud Length (RTJ)
1/2" 150 4 0.50 2-1/4 -
1" 300 4 0.63 3 3-1/2
2" 600 8 0.63 4-1/4 4-1/4
4" 900 8 1.13 6-3/4 6-3/4
6" 1500 12 1.38 10-1/4 10-1/2
8" 2500 12 2.00 15 15-1/2
12" 150 12 0.88 4-3/4 5-1/4
16" 300 20 1.25 7-1/2 8
20" 600 24 1.63 11-1/4 11-1/4
24" 900 20 2.50 17-1/4 18

Values shown are representative dimensions pulled from the uploaded ASME B16.5 bolt and stud chart. Full values vary by flange class, facing type, and nominal pipe size.

San Diego, CA  |  www.boydfasteners.com
Dimensional reference based on ASME B16.5 bolt and stud chart data.

ASME B18.2.1

Boyd Fasteners

ASME B18.2.1 — Hex Bolt Dimensions

Dimensional standard for square and hex bolts and screws, including sizing, head geometry, and threading characteristics for inch-series fasteners.

Standard

ASME B18.2.1

System

Inch (UNC/UNF)

Range

1/2" – 3"

Dimensional Data (Hex Bolts - T6 Reference)

Nominal Size Threads (UNC) Body Dia (E) Across Flats (F) Across Corners (G) Head Height (H) Thread Length (LT ≤ 6") Thread Length (LT > 6")
1/2" 13 0.500 0.750 0.866 0.313 1.50 1.75
5/8" 11 0.625 0.938 1.083 0.391 1.75 2.00
3/4" 10 0.750 1.125 1.299 0.469 2.00 2.25
7/8" 9 0.875 1.312 1.516 0.547 2.25 2.50
1" 8 1.000 1.500 1.732 0.625 2.50 2.75
1-1/4" 7 1.250 1.875 2.165 0.781 3.00 3.25
1-1/2" 6 1.500 2.250 2.598 0.938 3.50 3.75
2" 4.5 2.000 3.000 3.464 1.250 4.50 4.75
2-1/2" 4 2.500 3.750 4.330 1.563 5.50 5.75
3" 4 3.000 4.500 5.196 1.875 6.50 6.75

Values represent standard nominal dimensions for hex head bolts per ASME B18.2.1. Actual tolerances vary by manufacturing class and thread series.

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Dimensional data based on ASME B18.2.1 standard reference.

ASTM A193

Boyd Fasteners

ASTM A193 — Bolting Materials Reference

Alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials for high temperature or high-pressure service. Intended for use in pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings.

Primary Use

High Temp / High Pressure

Main Families

B7 / B8 / B8M

Common Applications

Vessels • Valves • Flanges

Scope & Grades

ASTM A193 is heavily utilized in petroleum and chemical construction and covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting for high temperature or high-pressure service. It is intended for use in pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings.

B7 — Alloy Steel (AISI 4140/4142), Q&T B8 Cl. 1 — 304 SS, solution treated B8M Cl. 1 — 316 SS, solution treated B8 Cl. 2 — 304 SS, strain hardened B8M Cl. 2 — 316 SS, strain hardened
  • Grade Markings: B7 / B8 / B8M / B8SH / B8MSH
  • Notes: Class 2 grades are strain hardened (higher strength ranges by size).

Recommended Mating Materials

Pairing guidance for nuts and washers for common ASTM A193 bolt grades:

  • B7 → Nuts: A194 Grade 2H • Washers: F436
  • B8 Class 1 → Nuts: A194 Grade 8 • Washers: SS304
  • B8M Class 1 → Nuts: A194 Grade 8M • Washers: SS316
  • B8 Class 2 → Nuts: A194 Grade 8 • Washers: SS304
  • B8M Class 2 → Nuts: A194 Grade 8M • Washers: SS316

Mechanical Properties

Grade Markings Size Tensile (ksi) min Yield (ksi) min Elong. % min RA % min Hardness Max
B7 B7 Up to 2-1/2 125 105 16 50 C35
B7 B7 2-5/8 to 4 115 95 16 50 C35
B7 B7 4-1/8 to 7 100 75 18 50 C35
B8 Class 1 B8 All 75 30 30 50 B96
B8M Class 1 B8M All 75 30 30 50 B96
B8 Class 2 B8SH Up to 3/4 125 100 12 35 C35
B8 Class 2 B8SH 7/8 to 1 115 80 15 35 C35
B8 Class 2 B8SH 1-1/8 to 1-1/4 105 65 20 35 C35
B8 Class 2 B8SH 1-3/8 to 1-1/2 100 50 28 45 C35
B8M Class 2 B8MSH Up to 3/4 110 95 15 45 C35
B8M Class 2 B8MSH 7/8 to 1 100 80 20 45 C35
B8M Class 2 B8MSH 1-1/8 to 1-1/4 95 65 25 45 C35
B8M Class 2 B8MSH 1-3/8 to 1-1/2 90 50 30 45 C35

Table values reflect the ASTM A193 reference sheet (mechanical properties by grade/size).

Chemical Properties

Element B7 (AISI 4140) B8 (AISI 304) B8M (AISI 316)
Carbon 0.37 – 0.49 0.08 max 0.08 max
Manganese 0.65 – 1.10 2.00 max 2.00 max
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.045 0.045
Sulfur, max 0.04 0.03 0.03
Silicon 0.15 – 0.35 1.00 max 1.00 max
Chromium 0.75 – 1.20 18.0 – 20.0 16.0 – 18.0
Nickel   8.0 – 11.0 10.0 – 14.0
Molybdenum 0.15 – 0.25   2.00 – 3.00

Chemical ranges shown for B7 (AISI 4140), B8 (AISI 304), and B8M (AISI 316).

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All material can be sourced USA melt and manufactured for AIS and BABA projects.

ASTM A194

Boyd Fasteners

ASTM A194 — Nuts Reference

Carbon, alloy and stainless steel nuts intended for use in high-pressure and/or high-temperature service. Unless otherwise specified, heavy hex nuts(ANSI B18.2.2) are used.

Primary Use

High Temp / High Pressure

Default Form

Heavy Hex (B18.2.2)

Thread Fit

UNC / 8UN Class 2B

Scope & Thread Fit

This specification covers carbon, alloy and stainless steel nuts intended for use in high-pressure and/or high temperature service. Unless otherwise specified, heavy hex nuts (ANSI B18.2.2) shall be used.

  • Nuts up to and including 1-inch nominal size: UNC Series Class 2B fit.
  • Nuts over 1-inch nominal size: UNC Series Class 2B or 8 UN Series Class 2B fit.
2 2H 2HM 4 7 7M 8 8M

Grades

  • 2 — Medium Carbon Steel
  • 2H — Medium Carbon Steel, Quenched & Tempered
  • 2HM — Medium Carbon Steel, Quenched & Tempered
  • 4 — Carbon Molybdenum, Quenched & Tempered
  • 7 — Alloy Steel, Quenched & Tempered
  • 7M — Alloy Steel, Quenched & Tempered
  • 8 — AISI 304 Stainless Steel
  • 8M — AISI 316 Stainless Steel

Mechanical Properties

Specification Marking Nom. Size (in.) Tempering Temp. (°F) Proof Load Stress (ksi) Hardness Min Hardness Max
A194 Grade 2 2 1/4 – 4 1000 150 B159 B352
A194 Grade 2H 2H 1/4 – 4 1000 175 C24 C38
A194 Grade 2HM 2HM 1/4 – 4 1000 150 B159 B237
A194 Grade 4 4 1/4 – 4 1100 175 C24 C38
A194 Grade 7 7 1/4 – 4 1100 175 C24 C38
A194 Grade 7M 7M 1/4 – 4 1100 150 B159 B237
A194 Grade 8 8 1/4 – 4 – 80 B126 B300
A194 Grade 8M 8M 1/4 – 4 – 80 B126 B300

Mechanical properties table reproduced from the provided ASTM A194 reference sheet.

Chemical Properties

Element 2, 2H, 2HM 4 7, 7M (4140) 8 (304) 8M (316)
Carbon 0.40 min 0.40 – 0.50 0.37 – 0.49 0.08 max 0.08 max
Manganese 1.00 max 0.70 – 0.90 0.65 – 1.10 2.00 max 2.00 max
Phosphorus, max 0.04 0 0.035 0.045 0.045
Sulfur, max 0.05 0 0.04 0.03 0.03
Silicon 0.40 max 0.15 – 0.35 0.15 – 0.35 1.00 max 1.00 max
Chromium 0.75 – 1.20     18.0 – 20.0 16.0 – 18.0
Nickel       8.0 – 11.0 10.0 – 14.0
Molybdenum   0.20 – 0.30 0.15 – 0.25   2.00 – 3.00

Chemical properties table reproduced from the provided ASTM A194 reference sheet.

Recommended Mating Materials

Bolt Grade Nuts Spec/Grade Washers Spec/Grade
B7 A194 Grade 2H F436
B8 Class 1 A194 Grade 8 SS304
B8M Class 1 A194 Grade 8M SS316
B8 Class 2 A194 Grade 8 SS304
B8M Class 2 A194 Grade 8M SS316

Recommended mating materials table reproduced from the provided ASTM A194 reference sheet.

San Diego, CA  |  www.boydfasteners.com
All material can be sourced USA melt and manufactured for AIS and BABA projects.

ASTM A307

ASTM A307

Scope

This specification covers carbon steel bolts and studs ranging from 1/4” through 4” diameter. ASTM A307 is a general purpose, everyday bolt specification often manufactured using A36 round bars.

Grades

Grade Description
A Headed bolts, threaded rods, and bent bolts intended for general applications
B Heavy hex bolts and studs intended for flanged joints in piping systems with cast iron flanges

Mechanical Properties

Grade Grade Marking Tensile (ksi) Yield, Min (ksi) Elongation %, Min Hardness
A 307A 60 min — 18% B69–B100
B 307B 60–100 — 18% B69–B95

Chemical Properties

Element Grade A Grade B
Carbon, Max 0.29 0.29
Manganese, Max 1.2 1.2
Phosphorus, Max 0.04 0.04
Sulfur, Max 0.15 0.05

Recommended Mating Materials

Bolt Grade Diameter Range Recommended Nuts Recommended Washers
A307 Grade A 1/4" – 1-1/2" A563A Hex F844
A307 Grade B 1-5/8" – 4" A563A Heavy Hex F844

ASTM A320 

Boyd Fasteners

ASTM A320 — Low Temperature Bolting Materials Reference

Alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials for low-temperature service, intended for use in pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings.

Primary Use

Low Temperature Service

Main Grades

L7 • L43 • B8 • B8M

Common Applications

Vessels • Valves • Flanges

Scope & Grades

ASTM A320 covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting for low-temperature applications. It is commonly specified for pressure-retaining assemblies where notch toughness and impact performance are important.

L7 — Alloy Steel, Q&T L43 — Alloy Steel, Q&T B8 Class 1 — 304 SS B8M Class 1 — 316 SS B8 Class 2 — Strain Hardened B8M Class 2 — Strain Hardened
  • Focus: Low-temperature toughness and impact performance
  • Forms: Bars, bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts
  • Threading: 8UN commonly specified above 1" diameter unless otherwise noted

Recommended Mating Materials

Pairing guidance for common ASTM A320 bolt grades:

  • L7 → Nuts: A194 Grade 4 or 7 • Washers: F436 Type 1
  • L43 → Nuts: A194 Grade 4 or 7 • Washers: F436 Type 1
  • B8 Class 1 / 2 → Nuts: A194 Grade 8 • Washers: 304 Stainless
  • B8M Class 1 / 2 → Nuts: A194 Grade 8M • Washers: 316 Stainless

Mechanical Properties

Grade Class / Condition Size Tensile (ksi) min Yield (ksi) min Elong. % min RA % min Impact / Notes
L7 Quench & Tempered Up to 2-1/2 125 105 16 50 20 ft-lbf @ -150°F
L43 Quench & Tempered Up to 4 125 105 16 50 20 ft-lbf @ -150°F
B8 Class 1 All 75 30 30 50 Solution treated
B8M Class 1 All 75 30 30 50 Solution treated
B8 Class 2 Up to 3/4 125 100 12 35 Strain hardened
B8 Class 2 7/8 to 1 115 80 15 35 Strain hardened
B8M Class 2 Up to 3/4 110 95 15 45 Strain hardened
B8M Class 2 7/8 to 1 100 80 20 45 Strain hardened

Table values reflect common ASTM A320 grade and class minimum mechanical properties for frequently specified materials.

San Diego, CA  |  www.boydfasteners.com
ASTM A320 reference for low-temperature bolting materials and common mating hardware guidance.

ASTM A325

Boyd Fasteners

ASTM A325 — Structural Bolts Reference

High strength heavy hex structural bolts from 1/2" through 1-1/2" diameter, intended for structural connections. Threads are shorter than standard hex bolts.

Diameter Range

1/2" – 1-1/2"

Bolt Form

Heavy Hex Structural

Primary Use

Structural Connections

Scope & Grades

This specification covers high strength heavy hex structural bolts intended for structural connections, and is applicable to heavy hex structural bolts only.

Type 1 — Medium carbon / carbon boron / medium carbon alloy steel Type 3 — Weathering steel
  • Shorter thread lengths vs standard hex bolts (structural application).

Recommended Mating Materials

  • Nuts (Type 1 Plain): A563 C, C3, D, DH, DH3; A194 2H
  • Nuts (Type 1 Galvanized): A563 DH; A194 2H
  • Nuts (Type 3 Plain): A563 C3, DH3; A194 2H
  • Washers (Type 1): F436-1
  • Washers (Type 3): F436-3

Mechanical Properties

Marking Size Tensile (ksi) min Yield (ksi) min Elong. % min RA % min Hardness
Type 1 A325 / Type 3 A325 1/2 – 1 120 92 14 35 C25–C34
Type 1 A325 / Type 3 A325 1-1/8 to 1-1/2 105 81 14 35 C19–C30

Values reproduced from the provided ASTM A325 reference sheet.

Chemical Properties — Type 1 Bolts

Element Carbon Steel Carbon Boron Steel Alloy Steel Alloy Boron Steel
Carbon 0.30 – 0.52 0.30 – 0.52 0.30 – 0.52 0.30 – 0.52
Manganese 0.60 min 0.60 min 0.60 min 0.60 min
Phosphorus 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.035 max 0.035 max
Sulfur 0.050 max 0.050 max 0.040 max 0.040 max
Silicon 0.15 – 0.30 0.10 – 0.30 0.15 – 0.35 0.15 – 0.35
Boron   0.0005 – 0.003   0.0005 – 0.003

Type 1 chemistry reproduced from the provided ASTM A325 reference sheet.

Chemical Properties — Type 3 Bolts

Element A B C D E F
Carbon 0.33–0.40 0.38–0.48 0.15–0.25 0.15–0.25 0.20–0.25 0.20–0.25
Manganese 0.90–1.20 0.70–0.90 0.80–1.35 0.40–1.20 0.60–1.00 0.90–1.20
Phosphorus 0.035 max 0.06–0.12 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.035 max
Sulfur 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.04 max
Silicon 0.15–0.35 0.30–0.50 0.15–0.35 0.25–0.50 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35
Copper 0.25–0.45 0.20–0.40 0.20–0.50 0.30–0.50 0.30–0.60 0.20–0.40
Nickel 0.25–0.45 0.50–0.80 0.25–0.50 0.50–0.80 0.30–0.60 0.20–0.40
Chromium 0.45–0.65 0.50–0.75 0.30–0.50 0.50–1.00 0.60–0.90 0.45–0.65
Vanadium 0.20 min          
Molybdenum 0.06 max     0.10 max    
Titanium 0.05 max          

Type 3 chemistry reproduced from the provided ASTM A325 reference sheet.

San Diego, CA  |  www.boydfasteners.com
All material can be sourced USA melt and manufactured for AIS and BABA projects.

ASTM A3524

ASTM A354

Scope

ASTM A354 covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts, studs, and other externally threaded fasteners in diameters up to 4 inches. The specification includes two strength levels intended for high-strength structural and engineering applications.

Grades

Grade Description
A354 BC Alloy steel, quenched and tempered
A354 BD Alloy steel, quenched and tempered (higher strength)

Mechanical Properties

Grade Size Range Tensile (ksi) Min Yield (ksi) Min Elongation % Min Reduction of Area % Min Hardness
BC ¼″ – 2½″ 125 109 16 50 C26–C36
BC 2⅝″ – 4″ 115 99 16 45 C22–C33
BD ¼″ – 2½″ 150 130 14 40 C33–C39
BD 2⅝″ – 4″ 140 115 14 40 C33–C39

Chemical Requirements

Element Sizes ¼″ to 1½″ Sizes Above 1½″
Carbon 0.30 – 0.53 0.35 – 0.53
Phosphorus (max) 0.035 0.035
Sulfur (max) 0.04 0.05

Recommended Mating Materials

Application Grade BC Nuts Grade BD Nuts Washers
Plain A563C Heavy Hex A563DH Heavy Hex F436
Galvanized A563DH Heavy Hex A563DH Heavy Hex F436

ASTM A449

ASTM A449

Scope

This specification covers bolts, threaded rod, and anchors in diameters ranging from ¼” through 3” (inclusive). It is a medium strength bolt manufactured from medium carbon or alloy steel that develops its mechanical values through a heat-treating process. It is intended for general engineering applications.

Grades

Type Description
Type 1 Medium carbon, carbon boron, or medium carbon alloy steel
Type 3 Weathering steel

Mechanical Properties

Size Tensile (ksi) Yield (ksi) Elong. % RA % Hardness
¼ to 1 120 min 92 min 14 min 35 min C25–C34
1-1/8 to 1-1/2 105 min 81 min 14 min 35 min C19–C30
1-5/8 to 3 90 min 58 min 14 min 35 min B183–B235

Chemical Properties – Type 1 Bolts

Element Carbon Steel Carbon Boron Steel Alloy Steel Alloy Boron Steel
Carbon 0.30–0.52 0.30–0.52 0.30–0.52 0.30–0.52
Manganese (min) 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Phosphorus (max) 0.04 0.04 0.035 0.035
Sulfur (max) 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04
Silicon 0.15–0.30 0.10–0.30 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35
Boron — 0.0005–0.003 — 0.0005–0.003

Chemical Properties – Type 3 Bolts (Class A–F)

Element A B C D E F
Carbon 0.33–0.40 0.38–0.48 0.15–0.25 0.15–0.25 0.20–0.25 0.20–0.25
Manganese 0.90–1.20 0.70–0.90 0.80–1.35 0.40–1.20 0.60–1.00 0.90–1.20
Phosphorus 0.035 max 0.06–0.12 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.035 0.035
Sulfur (max) 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
Silicon 0.15–0.35 0.30–0.50 0.15–0.35 0.25–0.50 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35
Copper 0.25–0.45 0.20–0.40 0.20–0.50 0.30–0.50 0.30–0.60 0.20–0.40
Nickel 0.25–0.45 0.50–0.80 0.25–0.50 0.50–0.80 0.30–0.60 0.20–0.40
Chromium 0.45–0.65 0.50–0.75 0.30–0.50 0.50–1.00 0.60–0.90 0.45–0.65

Recommended Mating Materials

Application Nuts Washers
¼ to 1-1/2 A563B Hex F436
1-5/8 to 3 A563A Heavy Hex / A563DH Heavy Hex (Galvanized)

ASTM A490

Boyd Fasteners

ASTM A490 — Structural Bolts Reference

Quenched and tempered, alloy steel, heavy hex structural bolts from 1/2" to 1-1/2" diameter with a minimum 150 ksi tensile. Intended for structural connections with shorter thread lengths. Similar to ASTM A325, but stronger (A490 is alloy steel). :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}

Diameter Range

1/2" – 1-1/2"

Minimum Tensile

150 ksi

Primary Use

Structural Connections

Scope & Grades

This specification covers quenched and tempered, alloy steel, heavy hex structural bolts intended for structural connections. A490 is similar to A325, but stronger because A490 is made from alloy steel. :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}

Type 1 — Medium carbon & alloy steel Type 3 — Weathering steel
  • Shorter thread lengths vs standard hex bolts (structural application). :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}

Recommended Mating Materials

  • Nuts (Type 1): A563DH & A194 2H :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}
  • Nuts (Type 3): A563DH3 & A194 2H :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
  • Washers (Type 1): F436-1 :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}
  • Washers (Type 3): F436-3 :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}

Mechanical Properties

Type 1 A490 / Type 3 A490

Markings Size Tensile (ksi) Yield (ksi) Elong. % RA % Hardness
Type 1 A490 / Type 3 A490 1/2 to 1-1/2 150–173 130 min 14 min 40 min C33–C38

Mechanical properties reproduced from the provided ASTM A490 reference sheet. :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}

Chemical Properties — Type 1 Bolts

Element Sizes 1/2 to 1-3/8 Size 1-1/2
Carbon 0.30 – 0.48 0.35 – 0.53
Phosphorus, max 0.04 0.04
Sulfur, max 0.04 0.04

Type 1 chemistry reproduced from the provided ASTM A490 reference sheet. :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}

Chemical Properties — Type 3 Bolts

Element Sizes 1/2 to 3/4 Size above 3/4
Carbon 0.20 – 0.53 0.30 – 0.53
Manganese, min 0.4 0.4
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.035
Sulfur, max 0.04 0.04
Copper 0.20 – 0.60 0.20 – 0.60
Chromium, min 0.45 0.45
Nickel, min 0.2 0.2
Molybdenum, min 0.15 0.15

Type 3 chemistry reproduced from the provided ASTM A490 reference sheet. :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}

Notes

Coating restriction: A490 bolts shall not be coated via hot-dip zinc coating, mechanical deposition, or electroplating with zinc due to the potential for hydrogen embrittlement. A zinc/alum coating (dacromet) per ASTM F1136 Grade 3 has been approved for A490 bolts. :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}

Inspection: A490 material is required to be magnetic particle inspected. :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}

San Diego, CA  |  www.boydfasteners.com
All material can be sourced USA melt and manufactured for AIS and BABA projects.

ASTM A563

ASTM A563

Scope

ASTM A563 covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for carbon and alloy steel nuts used on bolts, studs, and externally threaded fasteners.

Grades

Grade Description
A Carbon steel
B Carbon steel
C Carbon steel, quenched and tempered
D Carbon steel, quenched and tempered
DH Carbon steel, quenched and tempered
C3 Weathering steel, quenched and tempered
DH3 Weathering steel, quenched and tempered

Mechanical Properties

Grade Style Size (in.) Proof Load (ksi) Hardness (HBN)
A Hex ¼ – 1½ 90 (Black) / 68 (Galv.) 116 – 302
A Heavy Hex ¼ – 4 100 (Black) / 75 (Galv.) 116 – 302
B Heavy Hex ¼ – 1 133 (Black) / 100 (Galv.) 121 – 302
B Heavy Hex 1⅛ – 1½ 116 (Black) / 87 (Galv.) 121 – 302
C / C3 Heavy Hex ¼ – 4 144 143 – 352
D Heavy Hex ¼ – 4 150 248 – 352
DH / DH3 Heavy Hex ¼ – 4 175 (Black) / 150 (Galv.) 248 – 352

Chemical Properties (Grades A, B, C, D, DH)

Element Requirement
Carbon 0.55 max (DH: 0.20–0.55)
Manganese 0.30 min (DH: 0.60 min)
Phosphorus 0.12 max (A/B), 0.04 max (C/D/DH)
Sulfur 0.15 max* (A/B), 0.05 max

Classes for Grade C3 / DH3 (Weathering Steel)

Element Range
Carbon 0.15 – 0.48 (varies by class)
Manganese 0.40 – 1.35
Phosphorus 0.035 – 0.15
Sulfur 0.04 – 0.05
Silicon 0.15 – 0.50
Copper 0.20 – 0.60
Nickel 0.20 – 0.80
Chromium 0.30 – 1.25
Vanadium 0.020 min
Molybdenum 0.06 max / 0.15 min**
Titanium 0.05 max

* Selection of class shall be at the option of the manufacturer. ** Nickel or Molybdenum may be used.

Recommended Mating Materials

See ASTM A307, A325, A354, A449, and A490.

ASTM F593

Boyd Fasteners

ASTM F593 — Stainless Steel Bolting Reference

Stainless steel bolts, hex cap screws, and studs for general purpose use from 1/4" to 1-1/2" diameter, available across seven alloy groups.

Diameter Range

1/4" – 1-1/2"

Material

Stainless Steel

Alloy Groups

7 Groups

Scope & Alloy Groups

ASTM F593 covers chemical and mechanical requirements for stainless steel bolts, hex cap screws, and studs for general purpose usage, provided in seven alloy groups. :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}

Groups 1–3 — Austenitic Group 4 — Ferritic Groups 5–6 — Martensitic Group 7 — Precipitation Hardening
  • Group 1: 303, 304/304L, 305, 384, XM1, 18-9LW, 302HQ, 303Se (Austenitic). :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}
  • Group 2: 316/316L (Austenitic). :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}
  • Group 3: 321, 347 (Austenitic). :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
  • Group 4: 430, 430F (Ferritic). :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}
  • Group 5: 410, 416, 416Se (Martensitic). :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}
  • Group 6: 431 (Martensitic). :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}
  • Group 7: 630 (17-4) (Precipitation Hardening). :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}

Note: Alloy selection within a group is typically at the manufacturer’s discretion unless a specific alloy is requested. :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}

Recommended Mating Materials

  • Nuts: ASTM F594 (stainless steel nuts). :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}
  • Washers: SS304 or SS316. :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}

Use matching stainless materials when possible to reduce galvanic risk and maintain corrosion performance.

Mechanical Properties

Alloy Groups 1 & 2 (most common general-purpose stainless groups)

Alloy Group Condition Marking Diameter Range Tensile (ksi) Yield (ksi) min Rockwell Hardness
1 AF F593A 1/4 to 1-1/2 65 to 85 20 B85 max
1 A F593B 1/4 to 1-1/2 75 to 100 30 B65 to 95
1 CW1 F593C 1/4 to 5/8 100 to 150 65 B95 to C32
1 CW2 F593D 3/4 to 1-1/2 85 to 140 45 B80 to C32
2 AF F593E 1/4 to 1-1/2 65 to 85 20 B85 max
2 A F593F 1/4 to 1-1/2 75 to 100 30 B65 to 95
2 CW1 F593G 1/4 to 5/8 100 to 150 65 B95 to C32
2 CW2 F593H 3/4 to 1-1/2 85 to 140 45 B80 to C32

Mechanical properties reproduced from your provided ASTM F593 reference sheet. :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}

Chemical Requirements

Alloy Group 1 (Type 304) vs Alloy Group 2 (Type 316)

Element Alloy Group 1 (Type 304) Alloy Group 2 (Type 316)
Carbon, max 0.08 0.08
Manganese, max 2.00 2.00
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.045
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.030
Silicon, max 1.00 1.00
Chromium 18.0 to 20.0 16.0 to 18.0
Nickel 8.0 to 10.5 10.0 to 14.0
Copper, max 1.00 —
Molybdenum — 2.00 to 3.00

Chemistry limits reproduced from your ASTM F593 reference sheet. :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}

San Diego, CA  |  www.boydfasteners.com
All material can be sourced USA melt and manufactured for AIS and BABA projects.

ASTM F594

Boyd Fasteners

ASTM F594 — Stainless Steel Nuts Reference

Stainless steel nuts for general purpose usage in diameters from 1/4" to 1-1/2", available in seven alloy groups. :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}

Diameter Range

1/4" – 1-1/2"

Product

Stainless Nuts

Alloy Groups

7 Groups

Scope & Materials

ASTM F594 covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for stainless steel nuts used for general purpose applications. Alloy selection within each group is typically at the manufacturer’s discretion unless a specific alloy is requested. :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}

Groups 1–3 — Austenitic Group 4 — Ferritic Groups 5–6 — Martensitic Group 7 — Precipitation Hardening
  • Group 1 (Austenitic): 303, 304, 304L, 305, 384, XM1, 18-9LW, 302HQ, 303Se :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}
  • Group 2 (Austenitic): 316, 316L :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
  • Group 3 (Austenitic): 321, 347 :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}
  • Group 4 (Ferritic): 430, 430F :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}
  • Group 5 (Martensitic): 410, 416, 416Se :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}
  • Group 6 (Martensitic): 431 :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}
  • Group 7 (PH): 630 (17-4) :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}

Recommended Mating Materials

  • Screws: ASTM F593 :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}
  • Washers: SS304 or SS316 :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}

Match stainless grades whenever possible to maintain corrosion resistance and reduce galvanic interaction.

Mechanical Properties

Alloy Groups 1 & 2 (common stainless nut groups)

Alloy Group Condition Marking Diameter Range Proof Stress Hex Nuts (ksi) Proof Stress Heavy Hex Nuts (ksi) Rockwell Hardness
1 AF F594A 1/4 to 1-1/2 70 76 B85 max
1 A F594B 1/4 to 1-1/2 75 81 B65 to 95
1 CW1 F594C 1/4 to 5/8 100 108 B95 to C32
1 CW2 F594D 3/4 to 1-1/2 85 92 B80 to C32
2 AF F594E 1/4 to 1-1/2 70 76 B85 max
2 A F594F 1/4 to 1-1/2 75 81 B65 to 95
2 CW1 F594G 1/4 to 5/8 100 108 B95 to C32
2 CW2 F594H 3/4 to 1-1/2 85 92 B80 to C32

Mechanical properties reproduced from the provided ASTM F594 reference sheet. :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}

Chemical Requirements

Alloy Group 1 (Type 304) vs Alloy Group 2 (Type 316)

Element Alloy Group 1, Type 304 Alloy Group 2, Type 316
Carbon, max 0.08 0.08
Manganese, max 2.00 2.00
Phosphorus, max 0.05 0.05
Sulfur, max 0.03 0.03
Silicon, max 1.00 1.00
Chromium 18.0 to 20.0 16.0 to 18.0
Nickel 8.0 to 10.5 10.0 to 14.0
Copper, max 1.00 —
Molybdenum — 2.00 to 3.00

Chemistry limits reproduced from the provided ASTM F594 reference sheet. :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}

San Diego, CA  |  www.boydfasteners.com
All material can be sourced USA melt and manufactured for AIS and BABA projects.

ASTM F1554

Boyd Fasteners

ASTM F1554 — Anchor Bolts Reference

Anchor bolts supplied as headed bolts, straight rods, or bent anchor bolts. Three grades — 36, 55, and 105 — designate minimum yield strength (ksi).

Grades

36 / 55 / 105

Yield Strength

36 – 105 ksi

Common Uses

Structural Anchoring

Overview & Applications

F1554 anchor bolts are commonly used in structural steel columns, traffic signal and street lighting poles, and overhead highway sign structures.

  • Cut or roll threaded
  • Grade 55 weldable version may substitute Grade 36 at supplier’s option
  • Color coded ends for identification
Grade 36 – Blue Grade 55 – Yellow Grade 105 – Red

Supplementary Requirements

  • S1: Weldable Grade 55 (carbon equivalency controlled)
  • S2: Permanent manufacturer identification stamping
  • S3: Permanent grade marking (in lieu of color coding)
  • S4: Charpy impact testing (+40°F Grades 55 & 105; -20°F Grade 105)

Mechanical Properties

Yield strength defines grade designation

Grade Size (in) Tensile (ksi) Yield (ksi) Elong % RA %
36 1/2 – 4 58 – 80 36 23 40
55 1/2 – 4 75 – 95 55 21 30
105 1/2 – 3 125 – 150 105 15 45

Color coding required unless grade stamping is specified under S3. Manufacturer stamping is supplemental requirement S2.

Chemical Properties

Carbon and manganese vary by size

Element Grade 36 Grades 55 & 105
Carbon (max) 0.26% 0.27–0.28%
Manganese * Optional 0.60–0.90%
Phosphorus (max) 0.04% 0.04%
Sulfur (max) 0.05% 0.05%
Copper (min when specified) 0.20% 0.20%

* Manganese optional for Grade 36 but must remain compatible with weldable steel.

Recommended Hardware

ASTM A563 Nuts & F436 Washers

Grade Size Plain Finish Nut Coated Nut Washer
36 1/2 – 4 A (Hex / Heavy Hex) A (Hex / Heavy Hex) F436
55 1/2 – 4 A (Hex / Heavy Hex) A (Heavy Hex) F436
105 1/2 – 3 D / DH2 Heavy Hex DH2 Heavy Hex F436

A563 Grade D nuts are rarely available — A563 DH or A194 2H are commonly substituted. Large DH nuts (1"+) often require special order quantities.

San Diego, CA  |  www.boydfasteners.com
All material can be sourced USA melt and manufactured for AIS and BABA projects.

Thread Pitch

Thread Pitches

Standard Screw Thread (UNC / UNF / UNEF / ACME)

Nominal Dia (in.) Size UNC UNF UNEF ACME
1/4 0.250 20 28 32 16
5/16 0.313 18 24 32 14
3/8 0.375 16 24 32 12
7/16 0.438 14 20 28 12
1/2 0.500 13 20 28 10
5/8 0.625 11 18 24 8
3/4 0.750 10 16 20 6
1 1.000 8 12 20 5
1-1/2 1.500 6 12 18 4
2 2.000 4-1/2 8 – 4
3 3.000 4 8 – 2
4 4.000 4 8 – 2

Metric Screw Thread

Nominal Dia (mm) Standard Coarse Fine Fine 2 Super Fine
6 1.000 0.750 0.500 –
8 1.250 1.000 0.750 0.500
10 1.500 1.250 1.000 0.750
12 1.750 1.250 1.250 1.000
16 2.000 1.500 – 1.000
20 2.500 1.500 1.250 1.000
24 3.000 2.000 1.500 1.000
36 4.000 3.000 2.000 –
48 5.000 3.000 2.000 –

Pipe Thread

Nominal Dia (in.) Standard Pipe Size Threads Per Inch
0.313 1/16" 27
0.405 1/8" 27
0.540 1/4" 18
0.840 1/2" 14
1.315 1" 11-1/2
2.375 2" 11-1/2
3.500 3" 8
4.000 3-1/2" 8
6.625 6" 8
12.750 12" 8

Ready to get the Fastners for your next project?

All material can be sourced USA melt and manufactured for AIS and BABA project.

Metal Channel

Flat Fitting

90 Degree Fitting

Angle Fitting

Z-Shape Fitting

U-Shaped Fitting

Wire Fitting

Post Base

Hinge Fitting

Seismic Retrofit Bracket

Beam Clamp

End Cap

Concrete Insert

Electrical Fitting

Closure Strip

In-Channel Joiner